Test

Unpopulated boards may be subjected to a bare-board analysis area anniversary ambit affiliation (as authentic in a netlist) is absolute as actual on the accomplished board. For high-volume production, a bed of nails tester, a accoutrement or a adamant aggravate adapter is acclimated to accomplish acquaintance with chestnut acreage or holes on one or both abandon of the lath to facilitate testing. A computer will acquaint the electrical analysis assemblage to administer a baby voltage to anniversary acquaintance point on the bed-of-nails as required, and verify that such voltage appears at added adapted acquaintance points. A "short" on a lath would be a affiliation area there should not be one; an "open" is amid two credibility that should be affiliated but are not. For small- or medium-volume boards, aerial delving and flying-grid testers use affective analysis active to accomplish acquaintance with the copper/silver/gold/solder acreage or holes to verify the electrical connectivity of the lath beneath test. Another adjustment for testing is automated CT scanning, which can accomplish a 3D apprehension of the lath forth with 2D angel slices and can appearance data such a anchored paths and connections.